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Pharmacology: Pharmacodynamics: Calcium functions as a regulator in the release and storage of neurotransmitters and hormones, in the uptake and binding of amino acids, and in vitamin B12 absorption and gastrin secretion. Calcium is required to maintain the function of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems and cell membrane and capillary permeability. It is an activator in many enzyme reactions and is essential in the transmission of nerve impulses; contraction of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles; respiration; blood coagulation; and renal function.
Calcium more than 99% of total body calcium is found in bone and teeth.
Cal-Os Plus D: Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) maintains serum calcium and phosphate concentrations within normal range by enhancing the efficiency. The small intestine to absorb these minerals from diet.
Pharmacokinetics: Cal-Os Plus D: Absorption and Metabolism: Calcium is absorbed from the GI tract by active transport and passive diffusion. For absorption to occur, calcium must be in a soluble, ionized form. Mean absorption of calcium intake is approximately 25% in adults. Calcium absorption from calcium carbonate is enhanced 10% to 30% by ingestion with a meal. Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol), in its activated forms, is required for calcium absorption and increases the capability of the absorptive mechanisms. Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol), fat soluble vitamin, is absorbed from small intestine and bile is essential for the absorption process. Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) is incorporated into chylomicrons and reaches the systemic circulation through the lymphatic pathway.
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) is hydroxylated by the hepatic microsomal enzymes to 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25-[OH]-D3). Further hydroxylation occurs in the kidney to biologically active 1α,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (Calcitriol). Calcitriol stimulate resorption of bone, promote calcium reabsorption by the kidneys and enhances the efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption along the entire small intestine.
Distribution: Normal total serum calcium concentrations range from 9-10.4 mg/dL (4.5 - 5.2 mEq/L). Approximately 45% of the serum calcium is bound to plasma proteins. Cholecalciferol extensively bounds to vitamin D-binding protein (an a-globulin) and is stored in fat and muscles for prolonged periods.
Excretion: Calcium is excreted mainly in the feces and consists of unabsorbed calcium and that secreted via bile and pancreatic juice into the lumen of the GI tract. Only small amount of calcium ion are excreted in urine. Most dose of Cholecalciferol is excreted in the bile and feces. Only a small percentage of a dose of Cholecalciferol is excreted in the urine.
Cal-Os Chew: Calcium carbonate is converted to calcium chloride by gastric acid. Some of the calcium is absorbed from the intestines. Calcium is excreted by the kidneys. Unabsorbed calcium is eliminated with feces.
